Graduation Rates Remain Low at Nevada’s Four-Year Colleges

This weekend, commencement exercises will take place at both of Nevada’s largest universities, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) and University of Nevada, Reno (UNR). Nevada State College held its graduation last Saturday. Yet, these events in Nevada are cause for celebration for fewer students than elsewhere in the U.S. The number of students earning their bachelors degrees from these institutions remains far below the national average and also lower than many of the public colleges and universities in the Intermountain West.

Four-Year Graduation Rate

According to U.S. News & World Report, UNLV has a four-year graduation rate of 14 percent, UNR has a four-year graduation rate of 21 percent and Nevada State College has a four-year graduation rate of just 5 percent.

Figure 1 compares the graduation rates, student-teacher ratios, acceptance rates and total student enrollment of the state’s three public four-year colleges with data from the other public colleges and universities in the Intermountain West.

Figure 1: Overview of State Colleges and Universities in the Intermountain West

4-Year Graduation RateStudent-Teacher RatioAcceptance Rate (2014)TotalEnrollmentNevada    Nevada State College5%N/A61.9%3,549University of Nevada, Las Vegas14%22:186.9%28,525University of Nevada, Reno21%22:183.9%19,934ArizonaArizona State University –Tempe43%22:184.3%39,968Northern Arizona University33%19:190.5%27,715University of Arizona40%22:174.6%42,236ColoradoColorado Mesa University16%13:182.3%9,116Colorado School of Mines42%16:136.5%5,795Colorado State University – Fort Collins39%16:180.5%31,449Colorado State University – Pueblo16%16:192.8%7,256Fort Lewis College18%19:190.8%3,776Metropolitan State Univ. of Denver5%N/A65.2%21,674University of Colorado – Boulder46%18:184.2%32,080University of CO – Colorado Springs27%15:192.4%11,463University of Colorado – Denver15%16:173.0%22,791University of Northern Colorado27%17:170.9%11,784Western State Colorado University19%17:197.4%2,581New MexicoNM Institute of Mining and Technology22%12:136.4%2,127New Mexico State University16%16:169.6%15,829University of New Mexico21%15:146.1%27,887UtahDixie State University12%20:1100%8,570Southern Utah University20%18:163.3%7,756University of Utah24%17:181.4%31,515Utah State University23%22:197.8%27,662Utah Valley University11%22:199.9%31,332Weber State University12%20:1100%25,954

Arizona is home to two of the region’s universities with the highest graduation rate within four years, Arizona State University and the University of Arizona, with rates of 43 and 40 percent respectively. The highest overall graduation rate of 46 percent belongs to the University of Colorado – Boulder. These rates are double—or nearly double—that of UNR and triple that of UNLV.

Tied for the lowest graduation rate within four years of 5 percent are Nevada State College and Metropolitan State University of Denver. Both of these schools are considered commuter colleges, as neither offers on-campus housing for students, and both schools have a considerable number of part-time students. (These two factors would likely lower the number of students able to graduate in four years.) Nevada State reports that 61 percent of its students are part-time, significantly more than the 40 percent at Metropolitan State.

Both schools are also identified as serving students from diverse backgrounds. At Nevada State College,50 percent of its students come from a culturally diverse background and 51 percent are first-generation college students. As such, the U.S. Department of Education has identified the school as a Minority Serving Institution. In addition, after having completed two steps in the application process already, Nevada State College announced that it will apply for the federal designation of Hispanic- Serving Institution. Roughly 34 percent of students at Metropolitan State University identify as non-white. Excelencia in Education, the Hispanic-Serving Institutions Center for Policy and Practice, has named both schools as Emerging Hispanic-Serving Institutions.

Long-held as the state’s only top-tier research university, UNR has a graduation rate considerably lower than the other universities in the Intermountain West who share the same distinction. The school is ranked 187^th on the U.S. News & World Report list of the best national universities. According to the publication, “Schools in the National Universities category, such as Columbia University and the University of Pennsylvania, offer a full range of undergraduate majors, plus master’s and doctoral programs. These colleges also are committed to producing groundbreaking research.”

Figure 2 compares UNR’s graduation rate and ranking with the other universities in the region on the list.

Figure 2: Graduation Rates for Best National Universities in the Intermountain West

UniversityRankingGraduation RateUniversity of Nevada, Reno199^th21%Arizona State University129^th43%University of Arizona121^st40%Colorado State University – Fort Collins127^th27%University of Colorado – Boulder89^th46%New Mexico State University199^th16%University of New Mexico180^th21%University of Utah115^th24%

Unsurprisingly, the University of Colorado – Boulder has both the highest graduation rate and the highest ranking on the list at 89^th. The lowest-ranked university, New Mexico State University, at 199th, has a lower graduation rate than UNR at 16 percent. However, New Mexico is home to a second top-tier school, the University of New Mexico, which has a 21 percent graduation rate, equal to UNR.

With the exception of Utah and Nevada, all the other states in the Intermountain West have two universities that are ranked on this list.

Within the next two decades, UNLV aims to join UNR as a top-tier research university. Senate Bill 514, passed during the last legislative session, took two steps to enhance the university’s standings. First, the bill appropriated $26.7 million for a medical school at UNLV. The bill also seeks to expand graduate medical education: the bill includes $5 million annually for start-up grants to begin residency and fellowship programs. It also includes $1.9 million in FY2016 and $2 million in FY2017 for NSHE to expand public undergraduate and graduate medical education, as the Guinn Center reported last year.

During the Southern Nevada Forum last week, legislators presented policy recommendations to more than 200 local government officials, business leaders and other community members. Among them were proposals to add $17.1 million to the UNLV School of Medicine’s base budget and an additional $10 million to fund program development in graduate medical education. These funds would drive the push to make UNLV a top-tier school.

Six-Year Graduation Rate

Another common metric for comparing colleges is the six-year graduation rates, which the all colleges and universities are required to report to the U.S. Department of Education. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the average graduation rate within six years is 59 percent.

Once again, Nevada’s four year higher education institutions remain below par at 46 percent, 13 percent lower than the national average, according to The Chronicle of Higher Education’s report on college completion. UNLV’s six-year graduation rate is 43 percent, UNR’s rate is 51 percent and Nevada State College’s rate is 13.8 percent.

Figure 3 compares the Figure 1 compares the six-year graduation rates of the state’s three public four-year colleges with data from the other public colleges and universities in the Intermountain West.

Figure 3: Six-Year Graduation Rates of Universities in the Intermountain West

6-Year Graduation RateNevada (Overall)46%Nevada State College14%University of Nevada, Las Vegas43%University of Nevada, Reno51%Arizona (Overall)58%Arizona State University –Tempe60%Northern Arizona University49%University of Arizona61%Colorado (Overall)53%Colorado Mesa University33%Colorado School of Mines70%Colorado State University – Fort Collins64%Colorado State University – Pueblo33%Fort Lewis College37%Metropolitan State Univ. of DenverN/AUniversity of Colorado – Boulder70%University of CO – Colorado Springs46%University of Colorado – Denver41%University of Northern Colorado46%Western State Colorado University42%New Mexico (Overall)42%NM Institute of Mining and Technology44%New Mexico State University43%University of New Mexico48%Utah (Overall)47%Dixie State University18%Southern Utah University41%University of Utah60%Utah State University51%Utah Valley University22%Weber State University43%

The six-year graduation rates follow a similar pattern to the four-year graduation rates. Among the Intermountain West states, Nevada has the second-lowest graduation rate with 46 percent within six years. Only lower is New Mexico with 42 percent. The highest rate is Arizona with 58 percent, followed by Colorado with 54 percent. All of the states in the region have six-year graduation rates below the national average.

The top five public universities in the nation with the highest six-year graduation rates are shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Six-Year Graduation Rates of the Top Five Public Universities

University6-Year Graduation RateUniversity of Virginia93%University of California at Berkeley91%University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill90%University of Michigan at Ann Arbor90%University of Florida87%

Policy Recommendations:

Nevada’s lawmakers could consider the following policy recommendations as possibilities for helping to bolster the state’s three public colleges:

• Create more scholarships and grants for students attending four-year colleges. As The Wall Street Journal and countless others have reported, the cost of college is often a factor in students’ decision to drop out. This is especially true for low-income and minority students. By reducing the financial burden college tuition places on students and families, Nevada could help more students earn their degrees. Currently, the Nevada State Treasurer offers merit-based The Kenny C. Guinn Millennium Scholarship to graduating high school seniors who meet certain grade point average (G.P.A.) and coursework requirements. In 2015, the Nevada Legislature created the Silver State Opportunity Grant (Senate Bill 227), the state’s first ever need-based scholarship program, which provides assistance to low-income students attending Nevada State College and community colleges. Having a similar program for four-year colleges could help students afford the cost of a four-year degree.

• Provide more college readiness programs for high school students and support for students in college. Programs such as Upward Bound provide support to high school students from low-income families and students from families in which neither parent holds a bachelor’s degree. The program, which is currently available on all three of Nevada’s public college campuses, provides tutoring, SAT and ACT prep, and information on financial aid. As the Center for Academic Enrichment and Outreach at UNLV reported, 98 percent of local students who participated in the program achieved proficiency level on state assessments in reading and math.

• Create a framework for college readiness. Last year, a task force under the West Comprehensive Center and the Nevada Department of Education published the report, “College and Career Readiness for Students,” which recommended implementing new academic and critical thinking / problem solving standards that all students graduating from Nevada public schools should be able to demonstrate. These new standards would likely contribute to greater student success on the ACT, a college entrance exam that all students in Nevada are required to take. In 2015, a meager 8 percent earned ACT scores considered “college ready.” Students who are identified as college ready are less likely to need remedial courses in college. As the National Conference of State Legislatures reported, “Students in remedial reading or math have particularly dismal chances of success. A U.S. Department of Education study found that 58 percent of students who do not require remediation earn a bachelor’s degree, compared to only 17 percent of students enrolled in re­medial reading and 27 percent of students enrolled in remedial math.”

• Provide more support in K-12 for students, including wraparound services at schools in low-income areas. Last year, the Nevada approved $21 million to fund Victory Schools (SB432), which allows struggling Title I schools to provide more expansive wraparound services to students. Almost all of the 24 schools in Clark County given Victory School funds reported double- and triple-digit gains in math and English. Having more students exit school truly ready for college-level coursework could increase the likelihood that they could handle a full course load that would enable them to graduate college on time.

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